Union



(NO Model.\ 5 Sheets-Sheet i L. ONDERDONK.

SEWING MACHINE 170. 577,878. v Patented Mar. 2, 1897.

(No Model.) 5Sheets-Sheet 2 L. ONDERDONK.

SEWING MACHINE. No. 577,878. Patented Mar. 2, 1897.

5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

K N 0 D D E D N 0 L (N0 Model.)

SEWING MACHINE.

N0. 5778 78.- Patented Mar.2,1897.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 L. ONDERDONK. SEWING MAHINE.

N0. 577878. Patiented Mar. 2,1897.

NITED STATES LANSING ONDERDONK, OF BOSTON,

MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNIOI}I SPECIAL SEWING MACHINE COMPANY,OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SEWiNG-IVIACHINE.

SPECIFICA'IION formng part of Letters Patent N0. 577,878, dated March 2,1897.

Application filed October 6, 1892. Renewed July 25, 1896. Serial No.600,566. (No model.)

T aZZ whom it m0ty concern.-

Be it known that I, LANSING ONDERDONK, a citizen of the United States,residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts,have invented certain new and usefu1 Improvements in Sewingij-Machines,of vvhich the following is a description, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of refer- 1o encemarked thereon.

My invention relates to sewingmachines, and particularly to that classknown as lockstitch machines, and comprises various improvements in theconstruction and operation of the parts of such machines.

The first object of my invention is to provide means for driving theloop-taker, timed with respect to the movements of the needle.Heretofore the advantage has been seen of giving to the needle tworeciprocations to one revolution of the looptaker, the latter having twohooks, so that during one revolution of the loop-taker two completestitches may be formed, whereby the capacity of the ma- 2 5 chineoverone in which the needle reciprocates once to each revolution of thelooptaker is doubled without any such increase of speed as would impairthe durability of the machine. In this connection it has been heretoforeproposedto provide machines with loop-takers havng' two hooks, but allsuch machines are more 01 less defective and differ in several importantrespects from my in vention. In one of such machines it has been 3 5proposed to fix a revolving double-hooked loop-taker rigidly on theshaft, while in my construction the doublehooked looptaker is held inposition by a raceway, in which it revolves and in which position it isdriven by 40 an independent driver, which alternately en gages anddisengages the loop-taker at certain points in its rotation for thepurpose of allowing the needle-thread t0 pass between it and theloop-taker. In the old machine above specified there is no raceway, butthe loop-taker, being fixed rigidly on the shaft, is supported andrevolved by it, the ditterence between this construction and mineobviously being considerable both as regards the me chanical arrangementand the method of orming the stitch. It has als0 been prothe productionof the stitch.

posed t0 effect the said two-to-one motion by use of gears, theloop-taker being canted. Gears are noisy and like1y to wear out quicklyunder high speed. In my construction they are dispensed With and theloop-taker is sup ported perpendicularly on its axis. Furthermore, insaid 01d construction a very large bobbin or bobbin-case and reel isused. This is objectionable and in some cases impractical o because ofexcessive chafing of the needlethread.

Various other constructions and'arrangemen ts of mechanisms have beenpropsed for securing therelative movements of the needle and loop-taker,but al1 are more or less defective and impractical. I aim, therefore, toprovide a practical arrangement for obtaining the desired movement inmachines adapted to do a great amount of work and run at high 73 speed.

Another object is to provide means coperating with the two-to-onemotionmechanism referred to, whereby a variable speed is imparted to theloop-taker or other part to be 75 driven, thus enabling said part tomove at different rates of speed.

A sti1l further object of my invention is to provide athread-controlling mechanism operating in conjunction with the needleand loop-taker and tim ed for regulating the slaakening and tighteningof the thread at the proper moment to afford the best results in Ieliminate from said thread-controlling mechanism the operating-cams,which have been in such general use in lock stitch machines, againstwhich there is great leverage and consequent wear. Thus I secure greaterspeed with less applied power, have less noise and wear in 0 the runningparts, and obtain an efficient and simple action in drawing in andsetting the stitch.

Certainother objects have been aimed at in the cnstruction of mymachine, all hav 5 ing in view the simplifying and improving of theapparatus and the making of an organized machine capable of effectiveuse.

My invention therefore consists in the matters hereinafter described,and referred to in the appended claims.

In the accornpanying dra-Wings, which illust-rate the invention, Figure1 is a side elevation of a sewing-machine embodying my invention. Fig. 2is a bottom plan view. Fig. 3is an end view of the machine, showingparticularly the loop-taken Fig. 4 is a similar view, some of the partsbeing omitted and certain ether parts being ina different position. Fig.5 is a plan view of a portion of the base-piate with the revolvinglooptaker in place. Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the revolvingloop-taken Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the mechanism employed t0impart a variable speed to the revolving loop-taker. Fig. 8 shows adonbleshaft sewing-machine and the mechanism f0r imparting a two-toonemotion to the lower shaft. Fig. 9 is a detail end view of theconnecting-rod and disk .shown in Big. 14. Big. 10 is another form ofthe mechanism f0r imparting variable motion to the loop-taker. Fig.1l isa detail of parts of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 shows another means for impartingvariable mot-ion to the loop-taken Fig. 13 is a detail of parts of Fig.18. Big. 14 shows a side elevation of another form of mechanism foroperating the needle-bar. Fig. 15 is an end view of Fg. 14. Fig. 16shows a side elevaton of a machine having double shafts andvariable-speed mechanism, and Figs. 17, 18, and 19 are diagrammaticviews of the twoto-one motion mechanism.

In the following description I have termed the device which manipnlatesthe needlethread beneath the bed-plate a loop-taker, and nnder thistitle I intend to be inclnded all devices which manipulate theneedlethread t0 form a chain-stiteh, single 0r donble, a lookchain-stitch, 01 a lock-stitch of any character. T0 make these varionsstitches, the loop-taker may 0r may not carry a lower thread, or thelower thread may be supported 01 guided independently of the loop-takenMy loop-taker as employed in the machine desc ribed carres a bobbin andbobbin-case, is provided with two loop-taking hooks, each having a beakand a heel, and is provided with other features that are hereihafterdescribed and which render it eflicient for the purposes set fort-h.

In the drawings, A represents the base-plate of the machine.

B is the main shaft, driven from a suitable sonrce of power by means ofa belt trained over the wheel A. lhe needlebar-actuating lever 0r bar (1is operated from the main shaft B by the eccentric connecting-rod a inthe nsual manner and is pivoted on the main frame 0r gcoseneck A of themachine.

G is the needle-bar, t0 which is attached the needle in the ordinarymanner.

The main shaft is made in two parts B B, the part B being, as abovementioned, the main shaft of the machine, frorn which the nee'dle-barand feed are operated by connections, as sho'wn. The shaft B is soconnected with and driven from the shaft B ihat the loop-taker D, drivenfrom the shaft B, makes one revolution While the needle-bar isreciprocated twice and the shaft B makes tw0 revolutions, whereby, asthe. loep-taker is a double-hooked one, tw0 stitches are made during onerevolution of the loop-taker, thns ncreasing the capacity of themachine. This movement is accomplished in the following manner: Theshafts B and Bare arranged with their longitndinal axes eccentric teeach other, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and10. T0 one end of the shaft Bis secured a disk Z), having two grooves 01 slots b b across its face,as shown in Fig. 17, these grooves crossing each other at right angles,the point at which they cross being exactly central with the shaft B. Acollar I) is secured en the shaft B and is provided with two stnds b Z2the centers of which are equidistant from the center of thedriving-shaft B, this distance between the center of the shaft B and thestuds being eqnal to the distance between the centers of the shafts B B.These studs may be made to turn in sockets formed in the col- 1ar Z), ormay be made rigid, hut, at anyrate, that porticn of the studs Z)? bentering the grooves Z9 1) should be made to fit the same exactly.

In Fig. 18 is shown the relative position of the centers of the disk band collar b, which are the same as the centers of the shafts B and B,to which they are rigidly secured. It also shows one of thedriving-studs 12 of the collar b at the center of the slotsb b WVere itn0t for the other driving-stud b in the slot 12 01, in other words, ifthere were 110 other connection between b b than the driving-stud andthe two shafts B and B were to stop in postion to bring the stud Z2directly over the center of B, it is evident that the drivingshaft B inthat position loses control of the driven shaft B, and this shaft andall the connecticns are in a position to be turned in any direction,either by any strain on the hoek D hy the needle-thread, by the inertiaof its movement, by hand, 01 by any other cause independent of the shaftB; but With the driving-stnd Z1 operating in the slot 5, as does thestud Z2 in the slot b then it is evident that when either d-riving-studis in the center of the disk 1), and, secondly, of the shaft B, theother driving-stud controls the movement of the disk b.

11: will of course be nnderstood that were there only one slot in thedisk and oneconneetion between the disk and collar, that connection,=f0r example, moving in the groove 19 of the disk, and that the distanceof the center of the driving-shaft B (and therefore the collar b) to thecenter of the connection engaging the slot 12 is the same as thedistance between the two shafts B and B, as shown in Big. 18, in therevolving of the shaft B said connection, being the stud b must passdirectly into the center of the shaft B.

Assuming that we commence the rev0lutien of the shaft B with the stud 19and slot 1) at the point occupied by stud 6 and slot Z), now as we moveon nntil we come to the po- IIO one-fonrth of a revolution.

sition of the stnd b we find that shaft B has made onehalf a revolntionand the disk b Going on to the point of beginning we find that the shaftB has made a full revolution and the disk b has made one-half of arevolntion. Thns it is evident that it reqnires two revolutions of theshaft B to effect one revolntion of the disk b. It is also evident thatthe line traveled crossing the disk is that of the slot,vvhich isstraight. Therefore, as a natural conseqnence, if the co1lar is providedWth a second stnd eqidistant trom center to center and opposite from thefirst and on a line With the center of the shaft the line describedacross the face of the disk b wonld be the same as that traveled by thefirst stnd, except at right angles with it, the centers of the two linesloeing common with that of the shaft npon which the disk revolves. Ihave found that instead of loeing ronnd at the points where the studsfit the grooves a block is preferable, bnt howeverloeing less noisy,less liable to wear out, and

better, especially when high speed is desired; and, fnrthermore, notbeing as sensitive to wear there is very little liabilit-y of any lostmotion between the loop-taker and needle.

The tWo slots in the disk 11 and the two stnds on the collar b are notnecessary to prodnce the particular movement of the shafts B and B Witl1respect to each other, and one slot and one stud maybe dispensed with,the other tvvo loeir1g necessary only to overcome the possibility of thedriving-shaft losing control of the driven shaft when the stnd of thecollar 17 is passing over the dead-center of the disk. Hence I may nsethe constrnotion shown in Fig. 19, in which is represented a disk Z)witha single slot and a single stnd on the driver 5, the arrangement ofthe sbafts being the same as in Fig. 18. In order to prevent aretrograde movement of the drver-shaft in this form of drivingmechanism, I provide the disk b with studs 1 and 1, placed on a line ata right angle to the slot 29 and eqnidistant from the axis of the shaftB. The driver b, at a point opposite the attachment of the drivin g-stndb is notched for the reception of said stnols 1 1. Bearing in mind thatthe driv ing-shaft B makes two revolntions to one of the driven shaft B,it Will be seen that as the driving-stud b changes positions With thenotch in the driver, thns making a half-revo lntion, the stnd 1" willmake bnt one-qnarter revolntion and will pass out of said notch. Thisqnarter-revolntion Will canse stnds 1 and 1 to assnme a position oneabove the other or in a vertical plane fiewing Fg. 10. otherhalf-revolntion of the driving-shaft B in the same direction Will cansethe noteh in the driver to reassnme the position of Fig. 19 and causethe stnd 1 on the disk 12 of the driven shaft to enter said notch. Thnsit will be seen that the driver never loses control of the looper-shaftand prevents any retrograde movement thereof. InFig. 18 thisconstruction has its equivalent in the stnd 12 and slot Z).

WVhile in the sewing-machine forming the subject-matter of thepresentinvention I have found the mechanism forimparting the twoto-onemotion very nsefnl, it Will be understood that in certain eatnres I amnot limited to the particular operating connections between the shafts Band B.

In Fig. 7 I show a machine Whicl1 in its general constrnction is similarto that shown in Fig. 1, lont which is capalole of giving a varialolemotion to the loop-taker D by reason of the disposition of the maindriving mechan ism. This variable motion of the looptaker is desiralolefor thepnrpose ofmaking the loop-taker move faster in some portions ofits movement than inothers, so as to move rapidly in entering the loopof needle-thread and at the same time enable the preceding loop carriedby the other hook of the looptaker to reach a position to be drawn npsooner than it wonld if the loop-taker is rnnning at uniform speed. Thisalso permits of the threaddelivery opening or space of the race to bemade mnch Smaller. Tl1e shaft B is snpported in bearings or hangers (1and a and the shaft B in the hearing or hanger a bntI add a third shat'tJ to the machine, Which is supported in the hanger of, which shaft Jactnates the loop-taker shaft B. In this fignre 00m, me, and 0cx withthe shaft J, are the extra parts which make np the varialole-motionmechanism. It is necessary for this purpose to have the drivingshaft andthe drven shaft out of alinement, the same as is necessary to get atwo-to-one motion. Therefore this fignre shows a prime shaft B andloop-taker shaft B on the same line, With all the necessary variation inthe secondary shaft J. 5090 is a collar secured to the prime shaft B, inwhich there is secnrd a stnd. 9000 is a disk to which is also secnred astud, and the connection between aca: and ac0r: is by means of a link00x, which works freely on the stnds sec nred in 0000 and 00.06 As thelines of the shafts B and J are not the same, the driving-pin of thecollar 0cx natnrally passes closer to the center of xx dnring a certainportion of the revolntion of the shaft B than it does at others. "Whengoing to the center of arm, the speed must natnrallybe increased, andwhen going from the center gradually diminished. Therefore whater ermotion is given to the disk :cx must be given to the primary shaft J, towhich it is secnred, thence throngh the connections b b and loop-takersl1aft B to the loop-aker D, the Whole ar rangem ent being so timed asto give the looptaker D the advantage of the increased speed at theproper instant. It is old in singlel1ook machines to hurry forward thehook at a certain portion of its movement, lont inthe present machinethe principal advantage is in hurrying the loop-taker at the time for itto enter the needle-loop and to hurry it so as to enable the spacebetween the front and rear ends of the hook-race to be made less.

Figs. 8 to 16, inelusive, show different forms of my invention in whicha double-shaft sewing-machine is employed, and show various ways inwhich variable n1otion may be btained, and also means for actuating theneedle-bar.

In Figs. Band 9 I show portions of a doubleshaft sewing-niachine inwhich variable m0- tion is imparted to the loop-taker drivingshaft B bymeans of a link A whieh connects the principal shaft A with the lowershaft B. The shaft A is provided with a crank a to whichone end of thelink A is conneeted by the hearing a The linkA has an enlarged portion Anear its central portion, and has a slot a, in Which abloek 0, isfitted. A fulcrum-pin A passes through said blook and is rigidly securedto the frame of the machine. The lower end of the link A has a stud awhich engages a disk b upon the end of the shaft B. This disk has asingle groove aeross its face, and a portion of its periphery parallelwith the groove is fiattened, as-shown. The stud a is secured at a pointopposite the center of the shaft B When the crank a is-at its lowestpoint. The fulcrum-pin A being nearest the lower shaft, causes the studto travel in an elliptical path. The shaft A travels twice as fast asthe lower loop-taker driving-shaft B. A lug a" upon the link A locatedjust above and close to the flattened portion of the disk b prevents anytendency of the lower shaft to run ahead or back at the time when thestud a has no control of the disk 6 by reason of its being central withthe shaft B, and this lug serves the same purpose as the second stud bin the eollar b. (Shown in Fig. 1.)

Fig. 10 shows a machine in which the needle-loar is to be driven by arevolvng shaft in a manner similar to that described in connecton WithFigs. 8 and 9, having a fixed fulerun1 over which the driving-leverrocks and thus imparts its crank motion (upper shaft) to the lowershaft. The parts 51200 wac 0596 are substantially the Same as theeorresponding parts in Fig. 7, the only difference being that instead ofthe shaft B and the collar man? in said Fig. 7 a lever is used, a stadbeing secured thereon in a manner similarto that in which it is securedin the collar 00:0 The link 00x turns on the stud of the connecting ordriving leverin the same way as the collar xx in Fig. 7. Thedrivinglever at the point the stud and link are seeured to it describesa eircle a portion of which passes near to the center of 00x, while theother portion passes from it, thusgiving the shaft B, the shaft B, andconsequently the loop-vaker D a variable motion similar io that securedby the arrange ment shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 11 is an end view showing the mechanism for securing the variablemotion described in eonnection with Fig. 10.

In Fig. 16 a sewing mechanism is represented having a needle-drivingshaft and a loop-taker drving-shaft. The main feature is that insteadof. reducing the revolutions of the loop-taker to one-half that of thedrivingshaft the speed of the needle-driving shaft is increased justtwice. The drving-shaft t0 Whieh the belt-wheel is attached runs at thesame rate as the shaftwhieh drives the looptaker D. Oonsequently toincrease the operations of the needle-bar to twice that of theloop-taker the two-to-one-motion devices employed to reduce therevolutions of the loop taker D are applied to the needle-bardrivingshaft in a reverse manner. For example, instead of the collar bbeing the driver and the disk I) the driven part in the presentconstruction just the reverse takes place; also, in the machine hereshown the lever driving the lower shaft and called the driving-lever hasa sliding fulerum-pin, thus causing the end of the, driving-lever whiehcarries the stud to describe a true circle when placed eentrally, whichwould not be the case were the fulcrum-pin stationary, as described ineonnection with Fig. 8. Iprovide in connection With this a disk having aslot, in which slot the stud of the driving-lever engages, and thearrangement is suoh as to give the loop-taker shaft a variable revolvingmotion. The Same arrangement as 0090 0000xx (shown in Fig. 10) could besubstituted. The conneotion between the needle-bar staple and theneedlebar is a simple link connection. As shown in Figs. 14 and 15,however, this arrangement may be varied and a variable 'motion of theneedle-bar provided by the cross-head or cam connection, as shown.

Figs. 12 and 13 represent, respectively, side and end views of aeonstruetion of lower portion of "ariable-motion meehanism substantiallythe same as shown in Fig. 16.

In the figures referred t0I have shown meehanism for giving a two-to-onemotion for reeiprocating the needle-loar twice to one revolution of theloop-taker, or vioe versa. I have accomplished this either by having thespeed of the needle-bar'normal and reducing that of the hook or byleaving the speed of the hook normal and doubling that of the needlebar,and these movements have been accomplished by arranging the mechaniealconnections between the driving and driven shafts either above or belowthe bed-plate. Furthermore, I hawe shown in connection With thismechanism for giving the two-to-one motion mechanism for retardin g andaccelerating the speed of the loop-taker at different portions of itsmovement.

At the front end of the shaft B is secured the loop-taker driver E. Thisshaft is supported in a hanger depending from the baseplate A, andsecured to the hanger are the plates C C, which form the loop-takerrace.

The plate C is provided with an annnlar groove O while plate C is plain,but when the two plates are united a groove or channel is formed andinthis the looptaker D revolves when actuated by the driver E.

The feeding mechanism which I have described and illustrated in Figs. 1and 2 and which I have found nseful in this machine is not hereinclaimed, since it forms the subj eet-matter of an application filed byme J nly 20, 1892, Serial No. 440,635. This feeding mechanism consistsof a lever 5, eonnected by a ball-and-socket joint 6 at one end 130 thefeed-bar 7 and at the other end to the eccentric rod 2, which is drivenfrom the main shaft of the machine and has a lateral stud 3 journaled onan oscillating support and attached tothe frame of the machine. The riseand fall and backward and forward movements of the eedbar 7 and feed-bar10 are regnlated by the working fnlcrnms 15 and 18, the former of whichis secured to the bar 16, sliding on ways 11 and 12, said bar heing heldin any desired position loy bolt 13 and set-nut 14. The rocking fulcrum15 regulates the forward and backward movement of the feed, while therise and fall is governed by the fulcrum 18 at 1ight angles to the part15.

I have herein illnstrated a form of threadeontrolling device which Ipropose to use in connection with the two-to-one motionandvariable-speed motion hereinbefore described, this thread-controllingdevice loeing illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 and its object loeing tocontrol the drawing of the thread np close to the material when theneedle-bar isris ing to its highest point and to retard the threadsufficiently in the descent of the needle-bar to prevent the slack ofthe thread getting in the way of the needle-point, and, furthermore, toprovide a device working in connection with a revolving loop-takermoving at even or varying rates of speed, so that a va riation of timeof drawing the slack thread from the loop-taker may be permitted.

a and 12 are thread-eyelets on the gooseneck of the machine, and 27 thetension device, which may be either vertical or horizontal, as desired.The needle-bar lever a is of ordinary construction and is operated inthe usnal manner from the main shaft of the machine. It givesreciprocat-ory movement to the needle-bar G, carrying the needle e Uponthe upper end of the needle-bar are eyelets f and f throngh which thethread passes on its way to the needle. The thread may be passed fromthe tension device through the eyelet Z720 and thence through theadjustalole eyelet g attached to the frame of the machine, througheyelets f f (or one of them) to the needle, but loy this constructionthe objects aimed at by me are not accomplished as fully, and I havetherefore devised the mechanisxn which I am about to describe.

Snpported by the oollar 0r band D which supports the presser-foot loarand throngh which the needle-barreciprocates, is a shank 72, preferablyslotted on its lower end, so as to be vertically adjustable by means ofa setscrew This shank 71 has a hook formed on its upper end, this hookbeing arranged in a vertical plane between the vertical planes in whichthe eyelets f f are placed and so loeated in respect to them that in theraising L0 its highest position of the needledoar the eyelets f 20 fwill be oarried above the hook and in moving t0 its lowest position willloe carried below the same.

In the operation of the machine when the needle-bar moves upward thethread between the eylets f f will be canght by the hoek 723 and form aloop in the thread, as shown in Fig. 1, thns aeting to draw theneedlethread up tight against the material. In 01- der to prevent toomuch slack in the thread aronnd the needle when the needle-bar descendsto its lowest position, I secure to the shank h preferably at the lowerend, a spring Z which, as shown, encircles the hook 70 and bears nponthe thread on both sides of said l1ok. This spring in the downwardmovement of the needle-bar retards the clescent of the t-hread, and thusprevents the slack in the thread around the needlepoint eoming in theway thereof and curling around the same, rendering it liable to break.By making thehook and spring vertically adjustable an advantage accruesin that it enables the operator to hnrry 01 delay the time of drawingthe slack thread from the heel of the hook and at the same time take npand give a greater quantity of slack thread for the needle to form theloop of the sueceeding stitch preparatory to the hook entering t.Another advantage of this combination loetween the eyelets f f and thehook and spring is that the stroke of the needle-bar may be less thanotherwise reqnired to draw up the slack of the needle-thread necessaryto pass aronnd the hook, since the needlethread is practically drawndouble between f and f It Will be nnderstood that the hook and springare adjustable at the height necessary to draw a tight stitch. B y thisconstruction also the drawng up of the thread to the material isaccomplished qnickly and when the needle-bar is near the upwardextremity of its movement.

Various changes in the constrnction may be made Without departingfrom'the spirit of my invention, as, for exarnple, difierent forms oftake-nps or thread-controllers might loe snbstituted for that hereinshown. I have found this donhlethread-eyelet arrangement which I havedescribed and shown very advantageons in its results when applied torevolvinghook machines for the reason that in such machines the objectis not to draw off from the heel of the hook until the latter hastraveled almost to the needle. In other IOO IIO

words, by nsing double eyelets with the adjustable controller it is notreqnired to begin to draw the thread up to the material nntil the heelof the revolving hook has almost reached the needle, and consequentlythe so that when the plate O, which is arranged behind the loop-taker Dand against the supporting-hanger, is secured to the plate 0 a groove isformed, in which the loop-taker rotates. It will thus be seen that bymaking the ring C thinner or thicker the loop-taker will be broughtfarther 'rom or nearer to the needle, the Same forming a spacing-plateby means of which also the wear may be taken up. These plates may bemade of antifrictional marerial, such as wood fiber, so that oiling willbe unnecessary and at the same time prevent cutting or grinding out. Theuse of oi1 is objectionable, owing to the liability of the loolobin andneedle-thread loecoming soiled by contact therewith. By the use of theantifrictional material this is coinpletely avoided and a verysatisfactory result is attained.

II is a loopspreader herein shown as attached to the race-plate 0 andtriangular in shape, its apex forming a beak which curves close to thepath of the needle and in line close above and central with the hook ofthe loop-taker, so that When the l1ook shall have entered theneedle-loop and is carrying it forward it will carry it onto the beak ofthe spreader; or, in other words, as the loop moves forward with thenecdle-thread spread by the thickness of the hook owing to the beak ofthe spreader being pointed and its relative position the hook will carrytheneedle-thread onto the loop-spreader, and the 'arther the hook movesforward the farther the thread will be carried onto the spreader and thewider will the loop of the needlethread be opened, which with the angleat whioh it is drawn and the tension on the thread will cause the threadt0 pass back around the loop-taker andbobbin sooner and easier thanpossible if left entirely to the time and form of the looptaker, andsaves breaking of the thread by any strain that might occur if theloop-taker should fail to cast the thread off properly, which is acommon occurrence in other machines. It also deflects the needle-threadloopends of thread, &c., from the hookrace and prevents their beingcarried into it, thus preventing the thread becoming wedged or jammed inthe race and possible derangementof the Inachine. Tl1is loop-spreader isof great importance, and I have herein shown it as attached to onerace-plate and covering both plates in such a manner as to prevent theneedle-loop from being caught between the plates where they are unitedto form the race.

The race-plates C C are cut awaydirectly beneath the feed-dogs, beingflattened upon the side next the dogs. The c,utting off of this portionof the race-plate forms thereloy a tapering end portion, on the upperflattened side of Which is secured the said loopspreader H. Thsconstruction facilitates the carrying of the new thread to theloopspreader and assists in releasing the completed loop upon theotherside afterthe projecting lip F of the bobbin has moved so as torelease it. About one-fourth of the entire circumference is cut away.

The double-hooked loop-baker D is actuated by a driver which is securedto the end of the shaft B and is provided With arms e e which enterslots d in the loop -'taker. The shaft B is slotted and the driver E isinserted and is secured in positi0n by a pin e The arms e e are throwninto and out of engagement With slots d in the looptaker D loy means ofa disk D made, preferably, of wood fiber or other antifrictionalmaterial, provided With a cam-face so arranged that the ar1ns will becaused to alternately engage with'and disengage from the looptaker, theparts being so timed that when it is necessary to release the loop thearm at the upper side is not in engagement, but the loop-taker will bedriven by the other arm. Thus it will be seen that at all times one orthe other or both of the arms are in engagement with the slots in theloop-taker, so that there is always a positive connection between theloop-taker and its driving mechanism, and by the use of thethreadcontroller and variable-speed motion With the double-hooked looptaker I am enabled to draw the thread properly or take up the slackwithout necessitating a total disengagement of the looptaker from itsdri"er for an interval in order that the slack may be pulled up. For agreater portion of the distance of the rotation both arrns e e will bein engagement. A thread-guard e curved to conform to the shape of thelooptaker, prevents the loop from being caught by the arms of thehookdriver. The thread-guard 6 is secured by a collar 6 to the shaft Bby means of the pin 2 The thread-guard is slotted, so as to permit thearms e 6 to move in and out between the portions c whi'ch form a guardon either side of the driving-arms e 6. This thread-guard is omitted inFig. 5, but shown in Fig. 7. The hooks of the loop-taker, as shown at 61d, alternately enter and release the loops as the loop-taker is revolvedby the driver E. The center of the body portion of the loop-taker isprovided With a recess, in the center of which is secured a pin or studd and on this pin or stud the bobbin-case F is supported. Thebobbin-case is formed with a projection F, out from the shell.I-Ieretofore it has been the practioe to secure a lip or projection to aIOO bobbin-case by brazing, soldering, riveting, and the like, but theforming of the lip from the same piece of metal has an advantage,inasmuch as it is far less likely to break off and fall into the racewayor otherwise damage the machine while in operation. A loolobin-casecontroller or stop 1 with a suitable notch is attached, as herein shown,to the hook-race or any other suitalole part of the frame of themachine. VVhen the bobbin-case is placed in position, the integralprojecton F is made to engage the notch in the stop I, and the latterbein'g stationary the hobbn-case is kept steady and prevented fron1revolving with the loop-taker. These features are of peculiar value in amachine of the character described in that the distance of thecontroller from and its position relative to the needle, and theconsequent line of draft upon the needle-thread in passing between I andF, are such as to afford the least possible resistance to the drawing inof the needle-thread and to cause such drawing in to take place at atimewhen the draft of the needle-thread is slow and easy and when resistancethe least affects the drawing np of the threads preparatory to settingthe stitch in the 1naterial, and conseqnently in a corresponding degreeavoids breaking or drawing off too much needlethread, which would beliable at an angle which afforded greater resistance, as in othermachines of this character. Furthemnore, the point of contact between Iand F is as 'ar as possible from the center of the loobloincase, Whichlatter is supported upon the stud d of the loop-taker, said studrevolving in the bobbin-case. As the looptaker rotates and thebobbin-case is held from movement, there is naturally a certain a1nonntof friction between the bolobin-case and the supportingstnd d of theloop-taker D, Which friction holds the projection F in contact with thestop I With a certain amount of friction which the needle-thread has toovercorne in passing between the projection F of theloobbin-case and itscontrollerl, and the resistance loeing least at the greatest distancefrom the frictionpoint between bobbin case and looptaker, because theleverage is the least, it follows that these parts I and F by theirarrangement and structure are such as to afford the advantages stated.The bobbincase is provided wit.h slots f 2 f and around a tonguef formedloy said slots, the thread is passed, t-l1ereby giving a tension to thelower or loobloin thread.

In order to prevent the point of the needle 'ron1 inj ury or breaking, Iprovide the hobbin-case with a slot f, so that the point Will enter thesame and not strike the bobbincasing. 011 either side of the recess ofthe loop-taker in which the bobloin-case is sup ported are depressons DD, which are of considerable importance, as they permit the slackbobbin-thread at the time when the needle-thread is being drawn tightlyinto the goods. As the bobbin-thread passes out through thesedepressions from the bobbin it will be seen that in the revolntion ofthe loop-taker the bololoin-thread would be drawn off.

As shown in Fig. 3, the hook d is at the point of entering theneedle-loop, the loop that was taken by thepreceding hook being clearlyshown in the drawing. 'Ihe advantage of two hooks is that the firststitch is finished upon drawing thread onthe following stitch-that is tosay, it will be seen that the take-up mechanism, controlled by theneedle'-bar as previonsly described, draws the first loop fro1n the heelof the loop-taker hook nearly up to the material and as closely as isdesired, according to the adjustrnent of the thread guides or eyes. Thefinal or tightening pull to set the first loop, forming the stitch inthe material, is exerted by the sec 0nd loop-taker hook, which entersthe next succeeding loop of 11 eedle-thread, the spreading of saidlatter loop around the body of the loop-maker having the effect ofdrawing the remaining portion of the irst loop tight and thus settingthe stitch. The thread draws up through one needle-hole over thegoods tothe next needle-hole. '1hns the round-top 01 birds-eye stitch isolotairied. In this Fig. 3 it Will loc seen that the loop-spreader H isabout to spread the needleloop which has just been formed.

. In Fig. 4 the parts hzwe moved, the driver E having carried theloop-taker D to a point where one of the loops is about to be releasedfrom the heel of the hook and pass up loetween the ends of theprojection F on the bobbin-case and the plate I, which is secured to therace-plate C. It will be observed that the utmost freedom of rnovernentof the needle-loops is possible until the loop passes into the notch 1in the plate I. When these are reached, a slight resistance is exertedat the point of contact as the needle-loop is drawn up to the goodscarrying the loobbin-thread inside its loop. W ith the needle-bar in theposition shown in this figure, With the tl1readcontrolling mechanismshown in Fig. 1, the thread is not drawn oif as quickly at the heel ofthe looptaker. This being the case it allows the hook D to travelfarther toward the needle loefore the thread is required, andconsequent-ly the open space in the race may be less. Between the beakof one hook and the heel of the opposite hook at two opposite sides ofthe loop-taker D the body portion is cut away, so that only a thincasing surrounds the bololoin on two sides. Through this thinned portionslots d", having; an enlarged portion 01, are cut, so that the end ofthe needle will not becorne dnlled or broken by striking the loop-taker.At its other end it narrows so that its wdth is j nst suflicient topermit an ordinary-sized needle to pass freely.

Tl1e back edge of the slot d comes just outside the line of thehook-beaks d 01, for the purpose of forcng the needle, when the point isengaged by the wall of the slot, jnst out- IIO side the line of the beekto prevent the h00k from striking it, the walls of the slot prevent ingdisplacement, S0 that the beek will surely entertheloop.Thebobbin-latchL is pivcued 130 the hanger supporting tl1e kook-race andis held in engagement with the b0bbin by means of a loeking-lever M,which engages a notch Z in the latcl1. One end of the locking lever 0rcatcl1 is engaged by a spring held in the socket formed in the hanger.The letch L may be rocked on its center Z i0 eiLher side, so that thebobbin is readily removed. By rocking tl1e bobbin-latch in a planeparallel with tl1e plane of rotation of the looptaker, as in myconstruction, a much better and safer means of securing the bobbin isprovided. It has been the common practice to hinge the latch so that itwould project in a perpendicular line 130 chat of the rotation of thebobbin and loop-talcer, and l1ence any weakness in the hinge-joint 0rspring holding the latch a-ff0rds possibility of the latcl1 becomingdisengaged by reason of the constant jar incident to the operaton of themachine and causes the liability of brea kage of some of the parts bythe bobbin-case fiying out; 01 becoming displacecl. Furthermore, in theold form above mentioned, when the machine was lifted 0r turned out; ofthe table and the latchhad been accidentally left down, the latch ors0me part of the machine or table WH1. possibly become broken or injured. By my construction, however, in addition to the spring aetion ofthe lateh, the depth of the notch Z, which is engaged by the look inglever M, makes 13 impossible f0r 'IJhe letch to become disengaged exceptby the operator.

Various modifications and changes in the construction of the parts maybe made by any one skilled in the art without depmting from the spiritof my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of the needle, u rotatng loop-taker provided WLl1 aplurnlity of hooks rgid therewith, mechanism fo1 imparting to the needlea plurality of reeiprocations to one revolution of the loop-taker, andcontinuous-rotary-motion mechanism comprising means for imparting to theloop-taker a multiplex va-rable m0uion whereby the motion of thelooptaker as a whole is accelerzrted and renwdedaplurality of timesineael1 revolution; substantially as described.

2. In a sewing-maehine, the combination with a needle, 21 rotaryloep-taker havng a plurality of hooks, mechanism for imparting to theneedle a plurali'uy of reciprocations during one rotanion of theloop-taker, said mechanism involving means f or varying the motion ofthe needle during such reciproeations, and continuous-rotary-motionmechanisrn comprising means f0r imparting to the loop-tanker a multiplexvariable motion whereby the motion of the loop-taker is aecelerated andretarded a, plurality of "times in each 10- tation t0 coperate with thevariable motion of bl1e needle; substantially as described.

3. In a sewing-machine, Ll1e combinabion With a needle, means f0rreciprccating the same, and a rotary loop-imker hzwing a plurality ofh0oks rigid therewith, of mechunisrn for imparting to the loop-taker asa whole r0 tary motion involving a duplex variation; substantially asdeseribed.

4. In a sewing-maehine, tl1e cornbination with a needle, means f0rreeiprocating the Same, and a r0pery loop-baker havng a plurality ofhooks rigid therewith, of mechanism for impar'uing '00 the loop-taker asa whole continuous rotary motion involving e duplex variation duringeach rotation; substanniall y es described.

5. In a sewng-machine, the combination with a reciprocating needle and arotary 100ptaker h (wi n g e plurality of hooks rigid themwith, of meansfor actuating said needle and loop-taker, the loop-taker-actuatingmechanism comprising 'nwo speeding devices coperating 130 impzub (0 theloop-taker a duplex variation during euch rotation substantially asdescribed.

6. In a sewing-machine, the combination with areciprocatingneedle and arotary 100ptaker 'having a plurality of hooks rigid themwith, ofmechanism for mparting to the needle two reciprocations during onerotation of the loop-taker, and mechanism for imparting to theloop-baker as a whole variable motion during sucl1 rotation;substantially as described.

7. In a sewing-machine, the combination With a reciprocating needle -1nddoublehooked rotary loop-tanker, of mechanism f0r imparting 130 theneedle two reciprocations during one rotation of the loop-taker,mechanism for imparting to the needle a variable motion durin g sucl1reciprocations, and mechanism f0r imparting to the looptaker a VEL1-able motion during such rotation; substantially as descrbed.

8. In a sewing-machine, the combination with a prime shafl, a needle,means f0r operating tl1e letter from the prime shaft, a loop-takerhaving a plu rality of hooks, a 100ptzrker shaft, a secondary shaft,connections between 'the prime and seeondary shafts for varying thespeed of the letter, and connections between the seeondary andloop-baker shafts f0r reducing the number of rotations of the letterrelative to the former; substantially as described.

9. In a sewing-machine, the combination With 2L reciprocating needle anda rotary 100ptaker huving a pluralty of hooks of mechansm or impartingto the needle two reciprocations during one rotation of the loop-taker,means for mparting to the needle a sl0w m0- ti0n while in the veinity ofibs lowest position, and means foraceelera'uing ti1e motion of theloop-taker during the slow motion of the needle; substantially asdeserbed.

the disk, a looptaker, and complemental stitch-orming mechanism;substantially as described.

21. In a sewngmachine the combination with a prime shafr, a secondaryshaft, and a loop-maker shaft, of connections between the prime andsecondary shaft-s f0r varying the speed of the latter relative to tbeformer, connections between the secondary and 100ptaker shafts forreducing the number of rotations of the latter relative to the former, aloop-taker, and complemental stitch-forming mechanism; substantially asdescribed.

22. In a sewing-machine, tl1e combination with a prime shaft, a needle,means for operating the latter from the prime shaft, a loop- .takerhaving aplurality of hooks, a loop-tak er shaft, a secondary shaft,connections between the prime shaft and secondary shaft for varying thespeed of the latter and means between the secondary shaft and theloop-taker shaft for reducing the number of rotations of the latterrelative to the former, comprising a slotted disk on one shaft and acrank onthe other shaft carrying a pin operating in the slot of thedisk; substantially as described.

23. In a sewing-machine, the combination with a prime shaft, a needle,means f01 operating the latter, a loop-taker having a plurality ofhooks, a loop-taker shaft, a secondary shaft, connections between theprime shaft and secondary shaft f0r varying t11e speed of the latter,and means between the secondary shaft and'the loop-taker shaft forreducing tl1e speed of the latter relative to the former, comprising adisk carred by one shaft, and having diametrical slots arranged at aright angle to each other, and a crank on the other shaft having pinsoperating in the slots of the disk; substantially as described.

24. In a sewing-machine, the combination with a prime shaft, a needle,means for operating the latter, a loop-taker having a plurality ofl10oks, a loop-taker shaft, a secondary shaft, connections between theprime shaft and the secondary sl1aft forvarying the speed of the latter,and means between the secondary shaft and the loop-taker shaft forreducing tl1e speed of the latter relative to the former, consisting ofan arrangement of the shafts whereby the axes Will be eocentricrelatively, a disk carried by one of said shafts and havng diametricslots arranged at a right angle t0 each other, and a crank on the othershaft operating in the slots in the disk; substantially as described.

25. In a sewngnnachine, the eombination with a prime shaft, a needle,means for operatng the 1atter, a loop-taker having a plurality of hooks,a loop-vaker shaft, a secondary shaft, means between the prime shaft andsecondary shaft for varying the speed of the latter, comprising a crankon each shaft having a pin and a link connecting said pins, andconnect1ons between the secondaryshaft and loop-taker shaft ior redncingthe number of rotations of the latterrelative to the fornier;snbstantially as described.

26. In a sewing-machine, tl1e combination with a prime shaft, a needle,means f0r operatng the latter, a loop-taker havng a plurality of hooks,a locp-taker shaft, a secondary shaft, means between the prime shaft andsecondary shaft for varying the speed of the latter, comprsing anarrangement of the sl1afts whereby their axes will be eccentricrelatively, and connections between the secondary and loop-taker shaftsfor reducing the number of rotations of the latter relative to theformer; substantially as described.

27. In a sewing-machire, the combination with a prime shaft, a needle,means for operating the latter, a loop-takerhavihg a plurality of hooks,a loop-taker shaft, a secondary shaft, means between the prime shaft andsecondary shaft for varying the speed of the latter, consistin g of anarrangement of the shafts whereby their a xes will be eccentricrelatively, a crank on each shaft having a pin,and a link connectingsaid pins, and connections be tween the secondary and loop-taker shaftsfor reducing the number of rotations of the latter relative to theformer; substantially as. described.

28. In a sewing-machine, the combination with a driving-shaft having atransverse slot at its forward end, a loop-taker driver pvoted withinsaid slot having actuating-arms, a cam surrounding (he shaft andactnating said driver, of a loop-taker race supported adjacent tl1edriver and carrying a loop-taker having a series of openings for the1*eception of the arms of the driver, and also having a convex back, anda thread-gnard supported by the driving-shaft adjacent the loop-takerextending lengthwise of the driver and slotted for its reception andpassage, said guard loeng curved to conform 170 the convexity of theback of the loop-taker; substantially as described.

2.9. In a sewing-maehine, the combination With the frame thereof,comprising a hanger, of a loop-taker race supported by said hanger, abobbin-retainer pivoted to said hanger and confined to swingn a planeparallel Wth the wall of the race and provded With a notch in its lowerextremity, and a sprng-latch carred by said hanger and codperatng withsaid notch t0 l1old the retairer in a vertical position; substantiallyas described.

30. The combination in a sewing-machine, with a reciprocating needle-barand needle, and a rotary loop-taker l1avng a plurality of hooks, ofmechanism f0r actuating thelooptaker, mechanism for mpartingto theneedlebar a plurality of reciprocations having a definite ratio Withrelation to a revolution of the hooks of the loop-taker, means forimparting to the needle-bar a Variable motion during suchreciprocations, and a take-up mechan- IOO I O dlebar for beginning thetake-up acton, and

means controllel by the loop-taker f01 finish ing the take-up acton;substantally as descrbed.

In testmony whereof I affix my sgnature in presence of two wtnesses.

LANSING ONDERDONK.

Witnesses:

JOHN D. CONVERSE, CHARLES LETTS.

